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Lazar of Serbia
Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović (; ca. 1329 – 15 June 1389) was a medieval Serbian ruler, who created the largest and most powerful state on the territory of the disintegrated Serbian Empire. Lazar's state, known in historiography as Moravian Serbia, comprised the basins of the Great Morava, West Morava, and South Morava Rivers. Lazar ruled it from 1373 until his death in 1389. Lazar's political programme was the reunification of the disintegrated Serbian state under him as the direct successor of the Nemanjić dynasty, which ended in 1371 after two centuries of rule over Serbia. Lazar had a full support from the Serbian Church for this programme, but powerful Serbian nobles did not recognize him as their supreme ruler.
In the Battle of Kosovo fought on 15 June 1389, Lazar led the army which confronted a massive invading army of the Ottoman Empire commanded by Sultan Murad I. Both Prince Lazar and Sultan Murad lost their lives in the battle. Although the battle was tactically inconclusive, the mutual heavy losses were devastating only for the Serbs. Lazar's widow, Milica, who ruled as regent for her minor son Stefan Lazarević, Lazar's successor, accepted Ottoman suzerainty in the summer of 1390.
Lazar is venerated in the Orthodox Christian Church as a martyr and saint, and is highly regarded in Serbian history, culture and tradition of the Serbs. In Serbian epic poetry he is called Tsar Lazar.
==Life==
Lazar was born in around 1329 in the fortress of Prilepac, 13 kilometres southeast of the town of Novo Brdo, which was an important mining centre of the medieval Serbian state. Lazar's family hereditarily held Prilepac, which together with the nearby fortress of Prizrenac protected the mines and settlements around Novo Brdo.〔Mihaljčić 2001, pp. 15–28〕 Lazar's father, Pribac, was a logothete (chancellor) at the court of Stefan Uroš Dušan, a member of the Nemanjić dynasty who was the Serbian king from 1331 to 1346, and the Serbian tsar from 1346 to 1355. The rank of logothete was relatively modest in the hierarchy of the Serbian court. Dušan became the ruler of Serbia by dethroning his father, King Stefan Uroš III. Dušan then awarded petty nobles who supported him in his rebellion, by elevating them to higher positions in the feudal hierarchy. In this way Pribac became a logothete. According to Mavro Orbin, 16th-century Ragusan historian, the family name of Pribac and Lazar was Hrebeljanović. Though Orbin's source for this claim is unknown, it has been widely accepted in historiography.〔
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